منابع مشابه
Artificial life: organization, adaptation and complexity from the bottom up.
Artificial life attempts to understand the essential general properties of living systems by synthesizing life-like behavior in software, hardware and biochemicals. As many of the essential abstract properties of living systems (e.g. autonomous adaptive and intelligent behavior) are also studied by cognitive science, artificial life and cognitive science have an essential overlap. This review h...
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In the past tractability issues have generally forced economists to focus their attention on specialized aspects of economic behavior without detailed consideration of psychological cultural demographic and migratory pro cesses The recent development of agent based compu tational frameworks such as the Sugarscape model de veloped by Joshua Epstein and Robert Axtell at the Brookings Institution ...
متن کاملThe Life Cycle of Bottom-up Ideas
The main aim of this thesis is to study the life cycle of the incremental “bottom-up” ideas, which concern process and organizational matters. According to earlier studies, bottom-up ideas are not always successfully used and managed and as well there exists need for more study on organizational and process innovations. It is therefore useful to study this phenomenon more and gain more informat...
متن کاملTopology from the Bottom Up
evolved to promote and integrate virus production with VS formation. In addition to initiating signal transduc-tion in the infected cell, adhesion molecule engagement at the VS ostensibly activates the uninfected target cell. Activation would ensure expression of virus receptors by the uninfected cell and promote virus replication once the virus has entered its new target. The identity of the H...
متن کاملLeptogenesis from the bottom-up
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 1993
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/365794a0